The human body cells consist of two main part of cell which are the somatic cell ( are any cell of the body) and the germ ( the sex cells sperm and egg cells ). Every cell in the human body contain a DNA and all the cells have the same DNA . DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, contain all the hereditary materials of the human which are transfer from the parent to the offspring. The DNA is a molecule composed of two polynucleotide chain that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying genetic instructions for the development, growth, and reproduction of all organism.
The two DNA strands are known as polynucleotides as they are composed of nucleotides and each nucleotide is composed of one of four nitrogen-containing nucleobases are: cytosine (C), guanine(G), adenine(A), or thymine(T). Adenine and thymine are called purines and cytosine and guanine are called pyrimidines. The nucleotides are joined to one another in a chain by covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next so resulting in an alternating sugar-phosphate backbone.
In the cell DNA is organized into long structures called chromosome. The cell undergo cell division in which the chromosome are duplicated in the process of DNA replication so in this way it provide a complete set of chromosome for each cell. The cell division in the somatic cell is called mitosis while in germ cell is called meiosis.
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