How did technology change our life ?

 

After the Industrial Revolution the whole world changed new machines and techniques have been created by human that changes all the world around us and also our life changed to new and different way of living and thinking. In your opinion did the technology change and effect our life negatively or positively? Please put your answer in a comment. 

Thank you. ☺

Gel Electrophoresis

 Gel electrophoresis is a method for separation and analysis of macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins and their fragment based on their size and charge. The molecule added to the gel electrophoresis can move up or down on the gel according to their size or charge depending on the type of the molecules. 

Shorter molecules move faster and migrate faster than the longer ones because the shorter molecules migrate more easily through the pores of the gel. Their is different types of gel are: agarose, polyacrylamide, and starch. Also this technique is used in paternity test which is test to know the biological father of the child by taking DNA sample from the two possible father and from the mother of the child and compared them to the child DNA, so the one that the DNA bands match with the child DNA fragments he will be the real father of the kid. 

  

 

Incubator

 Incubator is an insulated enclosure in which temperature, humidity, and other environment condition also it can be regulated at levels optimal for growth, hatching, or reproduction. 

There are three principal kinds of incubators: poultry incubators, infant incubators, and bacteriological incubators. For example in the biology lab when we need to hatch an chicken out of an egg, at an optimal temperature for several weeks. Also another kind of incubator is the infant incubator, which is especially for babies who born prematurely of for the babies who are unable to maintain a normal body temperature, it is used to provide a warm environment for babies. 

Autoclave

 An autoclave is a machine used to carry out industrial and scientific processes requiring elevated temperature and pressure, it is used in medical applications to perform sterilization. Autoclaves are widely used in microbiology, medicine, dentistry ... It remove microbes and bacteria on the materials that we put in it, by using specific temperature and pressure. 

 

ELISA technique

 ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) is a very strong method for detecting and quantifying a specific protein in a complex mixture, this method enables analysis of protein samples immobilized in microplate wells using specific antibodies. This technique can also detect and quantify soluble substances such as peptides, proteins, antibodies, and hormones. 

There are several formats used for ELISA which are direct, indirect, or sandwich capture and dedetection methods. 

An ELISA test may be used to diagnose different kind of diseases such as HIV, lyme disease, rotavirus etc. Also for the home pregnancy test inside this device the uses of ELISA technique and strategies. 

Spectrophotometry

 Spectrophotometer is an instrument for measuring the intensity of light of a definite wavelength transmitted by a substance or a solution,this way provide the measure of the amount of material in the solution absorbing light. It is applied by putting a small amount of a known or unknown solution in a cuvet then put it in the machine. 

Most spectrophotometers are used in the UV and visible regions of the spectrum, the concentration of a protein can be measured wave lenght 280 nm due to the presence of tyrosine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine but this method is not very accurate since the composition of protein varies greatly and the proteins with none of these amino acids do not have maximum absorption at 280 nm. 

There are two classes of spectrophotometers: single and dual beam. The single beam measure absolute light intensity, while the dual beam measures the ratio of light intensities on two seperate light paths. The spectrophotometer can be applied to measure the concentration of different substances include proteins, DNA or RNA, growth of bacterial cells, and enzymatic reactions. 

 

Radiography

 

Radiography is an imaging technique using X-rays, gamma rays, or similar ionizing radiation and non ionizing radiation to view the internal object. For example when a person has pain in specific region in his body cause by an car accident or by falling down from high place or other accidents the patient will go to the hospital immediately their where they do for him the radiography to see from it if their is any broken of the bones their because we can't see it with our naked eye. After that the image taken by the radiography is shown to the doctor and he/she will tell the patient the problem they have. 

The radiography technique is very efficient technique used in medical field also their is another types of machines similar to the radiography use X-ray like in the airport to see the inside things in the bags and also to see the people from the inside if they carry an weapon tools. 

Chemotherapy treatment

 Chemotherapy is a drug treatment that uses powerful chemicals to kill fast growing cells in your body. That's why chemotherapy is used as an treatment for the cancer cells in the patient body, since cancer cell grow and multiply much more quickly than most of cells in our body. It inhibit mitosis (cell division) at specific stages or it induce the DNA damage which will cause the inhibition of DNA repair. 

Their are different ways for applying chemotherapy for the patient which can be taken orally by the mouth or injections use of a short needle in the blood vein, injections given through the skin into the muscle layers or can be given directly into the abdominal cavity and also many other ways depends on the place the cancer cells exist. 

  The efficiency of the chemotherapy depends on the type of the cancer and the stage. 

The chemotherapy treatment made a big change in the treatment of cancer but also it has a negative effect for example when you apply it on part of skin cancer it not only will kill the cancer cell it will also kill the normal one because the cells are very close to each other. Also some cancer cell stay dormant for a while the chemotherapy can't see them or treat them so when they wake up they will become big cancer cell and start to divide, develop, and travel to different part of the human body that's why we hear in some case some patient after the chemotherapy treatment they are affected with the cancer disease again.  

  

PCR technique

 PCR, or polymerase chain reaction, is a widely spread method it is used to rapidly make billions of copies of a specific DNA sample so in this way allow the scientists to take a very small sample of DNA and amplify it to a large enough amount to study in detail. 

 As the coronavirus that causes the COVID-19 disease spreads across the world the hospital doctors used the PCR technique to detect this virus by getting either a negative or positive result. 

The steps of the PCR are :

1) Denaturation the separation of the double strand DNA 

2) Annealing the primers binds to each of the single-stranded DNA template 

3) Extension the DNA polymerase synthesizes a new DNA  strand complementary to the DNA template strand. 

https://youtu.be/iQsu3Kz9NYo

CRISPR-Cas9 technique

 Technology enter our life rapidly without our permission, and now a day technology is very important in our life and we can't live without it because it makes our life very easy in everything without exception but specifically in medicine tools. One of the newly techniques that made a very big changes in the medical life is CRISPR-Cas9 technique. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-Cas9 is a genome editing technique it is faster, cheaper, and more accurate than the previous techniques of DNA editing and has wide range of potential application. 

What is CRISPR-Cas9 ?

CRISPR-Cas9 is a unique technology that enable geneticists and medical researchers to edit parts of the genome by removing, adding or altering sections of the DNA sequence. now a day, it is the simplest, more versatile and precise method of genetic manipulation and therefore causing a big changes in the science world. 

How does it work?

What are the applications and implications?

CRISPR-Cas9 has a lot of potential as a tool for treating a range of medical conditions that have a genetic component, including cancer, hepatitis B or even high cholesterol.